@inproceedings{153092da055b47519d5cbfb7339368b7,
title = "Design and User Validation of Novel Hybrid Electrodes for Emg Recording and Electrotactile Stimulation",
abstract = "This paper presents the development and validation of a novel stretchable dry hybrid electrode for electrotactile stimulation and EMG recording, designed for integration into prosthetic socket liners. Three electrode prototypes were compared: (1) dry stretchable electrode; (2) electrode with elevated pads via plastic layering beneath; (3) electrode with 3D-printed conductive plastic atop the pads. Six able-bodies subjects were recruited to assess the active stimulation range and subjective comfort and preference. Electrodes 1 and 3 showed comparable sensation and discomfort thresholds (1.1-4.1 mA), while electrode 2 exhibited a reduced dynamic range and higher pad failure rate. Four out of six participants preferred electrode 1. A prolonged 6hour test with electrode 1 confirmed stable stimulation thresholds over time in a single subject. The initial results indicate the feasibility of novel dry textile-integrated electrodes for providing feedback in closed-loop applications.",
keywords = "electrotactile stimulation, hand prostheses, human-machine interface, multi-pad electrode, sensory feedback",
author = "Milica Balji{\'c} and Garenfeld, \{Martin Alexander\} and Borg, \{Alexander L{\o}vig\} and Filip Budimir and Vladimir Koji{\'c} and Strahinja Do{\v s}en and Matija {\v S}trbac",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 12th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2025 ; Conference date: 09-06-2025 Through 12-06-2025",
year = "2025",
doi = "10.1109/IcETRAN66854.2025.11114296",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2025",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
booktitle = "Proceedings - 12th International Conference on Electrical, Electronic and Computing Engineering, IcETRAN 2025",
address = "United States",
}