El síndrome de intestino corto en el ambito experimental: experiencia de 15 años.

The fight against infection and liver disease associated with parenteral nutrition (PN) are surely two of the most problematic aspects in the management of paediatric patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). In the Research Unit of Donostia Hospital, we have spent the past 15 years investigating different ways of reducing these complications in an experimental model of short bowel in the Wistar rat (resection of 80% of the small bowel, with and without PN). All the experiments had a duration of 10 days and 323 animals reached the end of the study period. Nine groups were established in which some type of intervention was performed, and there were 8 control groups. The interventions were: 3 dietary (minimal enteral nutrition [MEN] with low or high dose probiotics); 5 pharmacological (administration of growth hormone [GH], epidermal growth factor [EGF], insulin, cholecystokinin [CCK], and selective intestinal decontamination [SID]); and 1 surgical (resection of the ileocaecal valve). Infection due to bacterial translocation (BT) was detected by culture of mesenteric lymph nodes, portal blood and peripheral blood, and liver damage by the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-alpha). In summary, our results are: Probiotics, MEN and SID reduce BT. Liver damage was milder in the groups with MEN, SID and CCK. The groups receiving GH, EGF or insulin presented a higher incidence of BT. BT was lower after resection of the ileocaecal valve. In conclusion, the probiotics, MEN and CCK could be useful in the management of children with SBS. These data confirm the utility of this experimental model of short bowel for the investigation of different aspects of SBS.