Electrochemistry and conducting polymers: Soft, wet, multifunctional and biomimetic materials

Volume, colour or stored charge change in parallel to the counterion content inside polyconjugated materials during reverse electrochemical control in liquid electrolytes (soft and wet materials). Devices like artificial muscles, smart windows working as mimicking skins, electron-ion transducers and others, always mimicking biological functions can be constructed and controlled under the same electrochemical property (multifunctionality). Sensing and actuating properties occur simultaneously, approaching them to intelligent biological materials.