Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Extraction: Part I

Tianming Sun; Mark William Kennedy; Lourdes Yurramendi; Jose L. Aldana; Carmen Del Rio; Sander Arnout; Gabriella Tranell; Ragnhild E. Aune

doi:10.1007/s40831-017-0140-6

Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Extraction: Part I

Tianming Sun, Mark William Kennedy, Lourdes Yurramendi, Jose L. Aldana, Carmen Del Rio, Sander Arnout, Gabriella Tranell, Ragnhild E. Aune

Waste Valorization

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Apatite, Ca₅(PO₄)₃F, concentrate from LKAB in Kiruna, Sweden, has been characterized and pyrometallurgically treated using (i) silicon metal and fluxes to extract phosphorus and transition metals at 1600 °C (Part I publication), and (ii) carbon to extract phosphorus without fluxing at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C (Part II publication), with the ultimate objective to recover rare earth elements from the resulting slag/residue phases. A variety of methods (SEM/EDS, EPMA, DTA-TGA, Sessile drop, ICP-MS/OES, and XRD) have been used for the characterization and analysis of both the concentrate and reaction products. Elemental deportment, except for the rare earth metals, is broadly in line with the equilibrium thermodynamic predictions performed using HSC Chemistry^®. Phase diagrams were predicted using FactSage^® and a custom phosphate database to explain the observed melting/fluxing behaviors.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	829-845
Number of pages	17
Journal	Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Volume	3
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-017-0140-6
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2017

Keywords

Apatite
Phosphorus
REE
Rare earth
Silicon
Smelting

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10.1007/s40831-017-0140-6

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title = "Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Extraction: Part I",

abstract = "Apatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, concentrate from LKAB in Kiruna, Sweden, has been characterized and pyrometallurgically treated using (i) silicon metal and fluxes to extract phosphorus and transition metals at 1600 °C (Part I publication), and (ii) carbon to extract phosphorus without fluxing at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C (Part II publication), with the ultimate objective to recover rare earth elements from the resulting slag/residue phases. A variety of methods (SEM/EDS, EPMA, DTA-TGA, Sessile drop, ICP-MS/OES, and XRD) have been used for the characterization and analysis of both the concentrate and reaction products. Elemental deportment, except for the rare earth metals, is broadly in line with the equilibrium thermodynamic predictions performed using HSC Chemistry{\textregistered}. Phase diagrams were predicted using FactSage{\textregistered} and a custom phosphate database to explain the observed melting/fluxing behaviors.",

keywords = "Apatite, Phosphorus, REE, Rare earth, Silicon, Smelting",

author = "Tianming Sun and Kennedy, {Mark William} and Lourdes Yurramendi and Aldana, {Jose L.} and {Del Rio}, Carmen and Sander Arnout and Gabriella Tranell and Aune, {Ragnhild E.}",

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year = "2017",

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doi = "10.1007/s40831-017-0140-6",

language = "English",

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T1 - Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Extraction

T2 - Part I

AU - Sun, Tianming

AU - Kennedy, Mark William

AU - Yurramendi, Lourdes

AU - Aldana, Jose L.

AU - Del Rio, Carmen

AU - Arnout, Sander

AU - Tranell, Gabriella

AU - Aune, Ragnhild E.

PY - 2017/12/1

Y1 - 2017/12/1

N2 - Apatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, concentrate from LKAB in Kiruna, Sweden, has been characterized and pyrometallurgically treated using (i) silicon metal and fluxes to extract phosphorus and transition metals at 1600 °C (Part I publication), and (ii) carbon to extract phosphorus without fluxing at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C (Part II publication), with the ultimate objective to recover rare earth elements from the resulting slag/residue phases. A variety of methods (SEM/EDS, EPMA, DTA-TGA, Sessile drop, ICP-MS/OES, and XRD) have been used for the characterization and analysis of both the concentrate and reaction products. Elemental deportment, except for the rare earth metals, is broadly in line with the equilibrium thermodynamic predictions performed using HSC Chemistry®. Phase diagrams were predicted using FactSage® and a custom phosphate database to explain the observed melting/fluxing behaviors.

AB - Apatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, concentrate from LKAB in Kiruna, Sweden, has been characterized and pyrometallurgically treated using (i) silicon metal and fluxes to extract phosphorus and transition metals at 1600 °C (Part I publication), and (ii) carbon to extract phosphorus without fluxing at temperatures exceeding 1800 °C (Part II publication), with the ultimate objective to recover rare earth elements from the resulting slag/residue phases. A variety of methods (SEM/EDS, EPMA, DTA-TGA, Sessile drop, ICP-MS/OES, and XRD) have been used for the characterization and analysis of both the concentrate and reaction products. Elemental deportment, except for the rare earth metals, is broadly in line with the equilibrium thermodynamic predictions performed using HSC Chemistry®. Phase diagrams were predicted using FactSage® and a custom phosphate database to explain the observed melting/fluxing behaviors.

KW - Apatite

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KW - REE

KW - Rare earth

KW - Silicon

KW - Smelting

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ER -

Pyrometallurgical Treatment of Apatite Concentrate with the Objective of Rare Earth Element Extraction: Part I

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Keywords

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