Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Battery-as-a-Service Business Model in an Energy Community

The rise of Energy Communities (ECs) integrates various actors into low-voltage systems, including prosumers and local retailers. Battery usage in communities lacks exploration of Battery-as-a-Service (BaaS) models. This paper introduces a BaaS model in ECs, emphasising its benefits and impact on participants. A canvas model is proposed, and a case study is simulated in Spain to assess techno-economic and environmental advantages. Results show that the BaaS model reduced electricity bills by 6.8%, increased community P2P trading by 23.8%, and decreased CO2 emissions by 4.7%. However, the proposed model was not profitable for the community battery third-party owner in the current Spanish context. In a new tariff system where the power term was paid for use rather than availability, the BaaS model proved profitable and viable, recording a yearly profit of 1,800 € and outperforming the techno-economic and environmental indicators. The electricity bill diminished to 9.8 %, and CO2 emissions were reduced by 18.7 %.