An overview of nanomaterials for industrial wastewater treatment

Industrial wastewater is a universal environmental issue. Numerous organic pollutants, heavy metals, and non-disintegrating materials are present at extreme concentrations. Presently, removing these pollutants from industrial wastewater in an effective way has become a momentous issue. Efficient purification procedures are needed to remove those pollutants before disposal. In this direction, wastewater treatment has been one of the nanomaterial applications. Additionally, nanomaterials are innovationally effective for purifying water by using low-budget nanoadsorbents and nanofiltration. This review article highlights the use of nanomaterials for the removal of different polluting materials from industrial wastewater with a special focus on metal and metal oxide nanomaterials (NMs), carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) and nanofiber/nanocomposite membranes. The goal is to offer a recent overview and references in the area of emergent nanomaterials used for removing toxic pollutants from real industrial wastewater for researchers and industrializers.