Efficacious realization of Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Ti_xM_1−xO₃ (M = Mn²⁺, Co²⁺) perovskite nanostructures through oxalate precursor strategy

Nowadays, barium strontium titanate (BST; Ba_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃) as a versatile material is a prospect candidate in different electronic and magnetic applications. In this study, cubic BST nanoparticles have been prosperity fabricated based on the oxalate precursor method. Afterwards, the formed precursor powders are further annealed at temperature 1000 °C for time 2 h. Meanwhile, the insertion of Mn²⁺ or Co²⁺ ions as an acceptor substitution to BST crystal was described at different concentrations from 0.1 to 0.3 molar ratios. Accordingly, the crystallite size and cell unit volume were found to enhance due to the introduction of acceptor ions. The Mn²⁺ or Co²⁺ ions replacements have the magnificent impact on the morphology, optical as well as dielectric and magnetic properties compared to the pure one. For instance, the optical transparency of BST material was found to increase with increasing Mn²⁺ or Co²⁺ ion content. Typically, the band gap energy and the refractive index were increased with acceptor doped ions. The dielectric performance in terms of different substitutions was decreased with Co²⁺ ions and increased with Mn²⁺ ions compared with pure BST sample. Eventually, the magnetic peculiarities were improved by addition of Mn²⁺ or Co²⁺ ions at different molar ratios.