El ácido linoleico conjugado disminuye la hipercolesterolemia pero aumenta el riesgo de litiasis biliar

The term conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a series of linoleic acid isomers present in meat and diary products from ruminants that have their double bonds in a conjugated position. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of a CLA isomer, trans-10, cis-12, on cholesterolemia and biliary lithiasis risk in an animal model of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. For that, two groups of hamsters were fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 0.5% linoleic acid or with the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer, respectively. Daily food intake and weight were determined and, 6 weeks later, serum and bile samples were obtained, and livers and spleens were dissected and weighted. Cholesterolemia, hepatic and splenic cholesterol content, and biliary cholesterol phosnolipid and bileacid concentrations were determined; Biliary Lithogenic Index was calculated, and presence of gallstones was assessed. CLA did not modify energetic intake or final body weight, spleen size or spleen cholesterol content, but it did significantly reduce total serum cholesterol (-18%) at the expense of c-LDL (-66%), and it also significantly reduced hepatic content of free cholesterol (-26%), without changes in esterified cholesterol. Besides, CLA produced a 32% increase in biliary cholesterol concentration, a 28% increase in Lithogenic Index, and a higher incidence of biliary lithiasis. Therefore, the present study shows that the CLA trans-10,cis-12 isomer is hypercholesterolemic since it increases, at least in part, cholesterol secretion to the bile. As a consequence, this effect increases the risk for biliary lithiasis.