On the role of urban modelling tools to support of the urban energy transition

Over 50% of the world's population lives in urban areas, responsible for 70% of global CO2 emissions. To design strategies for urban greenhouse gas emission reductions, simulation models are essential to compare scenarios for zero-emission building stock transformation and how to match energy supply and demand in a renewable energy future. This study, part of the IEA Annex 83 Subtask B, presents methodologies and tools for modelling energy systems worldwide. Using case studies in different climates, various energy system modelling tools and frameworks are presented in terms of their capabilities and use cases. The study discusses each case study's objectives, problem formulation, assumptions, and results.