Predicting the open-circuit voltage of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite solar cells using electroluminescence and photovoltaic quantum efficiency spectra: The role of radiative and non-radiative recombination

The remarkably high open-circuit voltage of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells is investigated. Both the theoretical maximum and the real open-circuit voltage are predicted from electroluminescence and photovoltaic external quantum efficiency spectra. Radiative and non-radiative recombination are quantified, where a source of non-radiative recombination is found in the mesoscopic structure, independent of the Al₂O₃ or TiO₂ scaffold. Without a hole-transport layer, non-radiative recombination is strongly enhanced, which reduces the open-circuit voltage.