Results of Two Demonstrations of Holistic Solutions for Automated Vehicles to Increase Usefulness and Safety

In this chapter we describe the conduct and results of two field-demonstration studies where the HADRIAN innovations were integrated into real vehicles and their effectiveness in terms of the human driver role were evaluated. In the first field-demonstration, twelve participants evaluated HADRIAN innovations that were intended to improve the safety and comfort of using automated driving at SAE L2 and L3. The study was performed in a passenger vehicle in an open road environment where participants compared interactions with a baseline automated vehicle with the HADRIAN innovations. In the second field-demonstration, ten participants experienced HADRIAN innovations that were intended to facilitate older drivers in a small passenger vehicle while driving on a test track in Spain. The results of both studies confirmed the key assumptions of the HADRIAN approach and identified limits and opportunities. We discuss these main lessons learned and conclude with what these findings tell us about the benefits and problems of adopting a holistic, user-centered approach for automated driving solutions.